Accessories

The following equipment is available for a new Porsche Macan Estate GTS 5-door PDK:

  • Standard Equipment
  • Available at No Cost

Option packs, the options contained in the packs, optional extra data and prices shown may not be final or confirmed by Porsche. Some options and packs cannot be ordered in certain combinations. Please ensure that you confirm the specification of the vehicle prior to making a final decision to purchase.

Options and Packs

Price
  • Driver Convenience

    Analogue clock on dashboard Standard
    Automatic start/stop system Standard
    Automatic tailgate Standard
    Digital boost pressure gauge on colour display of instrument cluster Standard
    eCall emergency call system Standard
    Instrument cluster with high resolution 4.8-inch TFT display,gear indicator for PDK,service interval display,external temperature indicator,fuel gauge Standard
    Off-road button Standard
    On board computer Standard
    Porsche Communication Management (PCM) including online navigation module, mobile phone preparation, audio interfaces and voice control system Standard
    Sports button in centre console Standard
    Cruise control + speed limiter No Cost
    Front and rear park assist with reversing camera No Cost
    Integrated cluster of three round instruments with black rev counter and GTS logo No Cost
    Lane departure warning system No Cost
    Power Steering No Cost
    Power steering plus £204
    Speed limit indicator £204
    Homelink (programmable garage door opener) £222
    Active park assist £269
    Lane change assistant £453
    Lane keeping assistant (LKA) £453
    Reversing camera and surround view £575
    Adaptive cruise control £666

    Passive Safety

    3-point automatic seatbelts with front and outer rear seats pretensioners and force limiter + manually height adjustable seatbelt + reminder warning Standard
    6-piston aluminium monobloc fixed caliper brakes at front, internally vented brake discs Standard
    Auto hold function Standard
    Brake discs with diameter of 390mm at front and 356 mm at rear Standard
    Child locks on rear doors Standard
    Curtain airbags along entire roof frame and side windows from A pillar to the C pillar Standard
    Electronic parking brake Standard
    Front passenger airbag deactivation facility for installation of child seats indicator in overhead console Standard
    Front side airbags integrated into seat Standard
    Full size driver and passenger airbags Standard
    Multi-Collision braking Standard
    Porsche hill control (PHC) Standard
    PTM(Porsche Traction Management) and All-wheel drive with map-controlled multi-plate clutch Standard
    Roll over sensor for curtain airbag and seatbelt pretensioners Standard
    Side impact protection in doors Standard
    Tyre pressure monitoring system Standard
    Vehicle stability system, Porsche stability management (PSM) including ABS, ASR, ABD, MSR and trailer stability management Standard
    Vented discs brake with combination floating calipers at rear Standard
    Brake calipers with red finish No Cost
    Porsche surface coated brake (PSCB) No Cost
    Fire extinguisher £116
    Rear side airbags £315
    Seatbelts in Agate Grey £342
    Seatbelts in Bordeaux Red £342
    Seatbelts in Miami blue £342
    Seatbelts in Mojave Beige £342
    Seatbelts in Pebble grey £342
    Porsche surface coated brake (PSCB) with brake calipers painted in high gloss black £639
    Porsche ceramic composite brake (PCCB) £3,935

    Security

    Alarm system with ultrasonic interior surveillance Standard
    Dashcam prep Standard
    Engine immobiliser with key transponder Standard
    Remote control central locking Standard
    Comfort access system £500

    Interior Features

    3 adjustable rear headrests Standard
    3 rear seats Standard
    3 zone auto climate control separate temperature setting+air recirculation include quality sensor, airflow regulation+AC MAX button+humidity sensor Standard
    4 way adjustable front head restraints Standard
    40:20:40 split folding rear bench seat Standard
    Cloth hook b-pillar Standard
    Fold up centre console armrest with fore/aft adjustment Standard
    Front and rear bottle holders in door panels Standard
    Front passenger seat Standard
    Glove compartment Standard
    Isofix fastening system for child seats on outer rear seats Standard
    Luggage compartment cover Standard
    Particle/pollen filter with active carbon filter Standard
    Rear armrest with 2 cupholders Standard
    Storage bin in centre console Standard
    Storage compartment in side of luggage compartment and storage compartment in spare wheel recess Standard
    Storage pocket in front and rear doors Standard
    Two integrated cup holders in front with variable diameter Standard
    Two socket 12V power outlets in front console and luggage compartment Standard
    uncovered storage compartment in centre console Standard
    Door sill guards in black brushed aluminium with Macan GTS logo No Cost
    Fabric roof lining No Cost
    For single-tone interiors in matching interior colour, for two-tone interiors in the darker interior colour, with PORSCHE logo on front floor mats No Cost
    GTS partial leather/Race-Tex interior No Cost
    GTS Sports seats with 8 way electric adjustment on drivers and passenger with GTS logo on front headrests and outer rear seats No Cost
    Heated front seats No Cost
    Illuminated door sill guards in carbon in combination with GTS sport package No Cost
    Leather upholstery No Cost
    Multifunctional steering wheel with shift paddles and manual height and reach adjustment No Cost
    Race tex heated GT sports steering wheel with GTS sport package No Cost
    Race tex roof lining in combination with GTS sport package No Cost
    Electric adjustable steering column £149
    Porsche crest embossed in front headrests £176
    Two tone leather interior £176
    Mechanical roll up sunblind for rear side windows £204
    Heated steering wheel £209
    Air Ioniser £222
    Personalised reversible loadspace mat £222
    Loadspace management system £251
    Personalised vehicle keys painted with case £287
    Personalised documentation folder £297
    Heated front and rear seats £324
    Illuminated in black brushed aluminium door sill guards £324
    Porsche crest embossed in front and rear headrests £353
    Bespoke reversible loadspace mat £389
    Leather sunvisors £398
    PDK gear selector in leather and carbon £417
    PDK gear selector in race-tex and carbon £417
    Heated multi function GT Sports steering wheel £422
    Personalised floor mats £449
    Heated multifunction GT Sports steering wheel in Race-tex with inlay in carbon with GTS sport package £482
    3 spoke heated sport multifunction steering wheel with dark walnut trim £551
    Vehicle documentation folder in matt carbon £555
    Bespoke documentation folder £593
    Race tex roof lining grab handles £602
    Roof lining grab rails handles in leather £602
    Front seat ventilation £704
    Personalised floor mats in carbon with leather edging £737
    Illuminated door sill guard in carbon £788
    Race tex heated multifunction GT sports steering wheel £792
    Bespoke floor mats £899
    Heated multifunction GT sports steering wheel in leather with carbon inlay £903
    Seat centres in leather contrasting colour £926
    Race tex roof lining £1,019
    Air vent slats painted in exterior colour £1,101
    Seat console in leather £1,250
    Extended leather upholstery £1,269
    GTS extended leather/Race Tex interior £1,269
    Heated multifunction GT Sports steering wheel in Race-tex with inlay in carbon £1,274
    Leather interior with contrast stitching £1,352
    Bespoke illuminated door sill guards in black brushed aluminium £1,527
    Two tone extended leather upholstery with leather interior £1,602
    Bespoke illuminated door sill guards in carbon £1,898
    Extended leather upholstery with contrast stitching £2,852

    Wheels

    Wheel centres with full colour Porsche crest Standard
    21" GT design wheels in Satin black in combination with GTS sport package No Cost
    21" RS Spyder design alloy wheels No Cost
    21" RS Spyder design alloy wheels in satin black No Cost
    21" RS Spyder design wheels in matt black No Cost
    Tyre repair kit No Cost
    19" collapsible spare tyre £269
    21" 911 Turbo alloy wheels £426
    21" 911 Turbo design alloy wheels £426
    21" Exclusive design sport wheels in Platinum silver £426
    21" Exclusive design sport wheels painted in exterior colour £890
    21" Exclusive design sport wheels painted in High gloss black £890
    21" Exclusive design sport wheels painted in Jet black £890
    21" Exclusive design sport wheels painted in Satin Neodyme £890
    21" Exclusive design sport wheels painted in Vesuvius grey £890
    21" Personalised exclusive design sport wheels painted £890
    21" GT design wheels in High gloss black £1,259
    21" GT design wheels in Satin platinum £1,259
    21" GT design wheels in Satin black £1,722

    Trim

    Accent trims with silver coloured finish Standard
    Carmin red rev counter instrument dial No Cost
    GTS interior pack - Leather/Race Tex - Black/Python Green No Cost
    GTS interior pack in combination with GTS sport package - Leather/Race Tex - Black/Carmine red No Cost
    GTS interior pack in combination with GTS sport package - Leather/Race Tex - Black/Crayon No Cost
    GTS Partial leather / race-tex interior - Black No Cost
    Instrument dials and rev counter in silver No Cost
    Leather upholstery - Black No Cost
    Two tone leather interior - Black / Bordeaux red £176
    Model logo on centre console armrest £209
    Porsche crest logo on centre console armrest £209
    Compass / Sport chrono dial in bordeaux red £269
    Compass / Sport chrono dial in carmine red £269
    Compass / Sport chrono dial in mojave beige £269
    Compass / Sport chrono dial in silver £269
    Compass / Sport chrono dial in white £269
    Bordeaux red rev counter instrument dial £380
    Mojave beige rev counter instrument dial £380
    White rev counter instrument dial £380
    Personalised air vents with slats in leather £1,194
    Extended leather upholstery - Agate grey £1,269
    Extended leather upholstery - Black £1,269
    GTS extended leather/Race Tex - Black £1,269
    Leather interior - Black with contrast stitching in Gentian Blue £1,352
    Leather package - Black with contrast stitching in Crayon £1,352
    Leather package - Black with contrast stitching in Papaya £1,352
    Two tone extended leather with leather interior - Black/Bordeaux red £1,602
    Two tone extended leather with leather interior - Black/mojave beige £1,602
    Two tone extended leather with leather interior - Black/Pebble grey £1,602
    Extended leather upholstery - Black with contrast stitching in Crayon £2,852
    Extended leather upholstery - Black with contrast stitching in Gentian blue £2,852
    Extended leather upholstery - Black with contrast stitching in Papaya £2,852
    GTS interior pack - Leather/Race Tex - Black/Carmine red £2,972
    GTS interior pack - Leather/Race Tex - Black/Crayon £2,972
    GTS leather interior package without Race Tex - Black/Carmine red £2,972
    GTS leather interior package without Race Tex - Black/Crayon £2,972

    Exterior Features

    Active radiator grille shutters Standard
    Automatic headlight activation including welcome home lighting Standard
    Bumper system with high strength cross members and two deformation elements + One threaded fixture point for towing eye contained in onboard tool kit Standard
    Dynamic cornering lights, speed-sensitive headlight and dynamic range control, adverse weather function, four-point LED daytime running lights Standard
    Electric front and rear windows with remote closing function + anti trap + one touch Standard
    Electrically folding and heated exterior mirrors Standard
    Front light modules with LED position lights and direction indicators Standard
    Front windscreen wipers with two speeds, intermittent wipe and rain sensor Standard
    Front with integrated cooling air intakes Standard
    Fully galvanised body Standard
    Heated rear window with automatic switch off Standard
    High gloss black side window trims Standard
    High level 3rd LED brake light integrated into roof spoiler Standard
    Loading edge protection in aluminium Standard
    Rear side wing doors Standard
    Rear window wiper with intermittent function and washer jet Standard
    Roof spoiler with fixed double wing design and fin like look in high gloss black Standard
    Side skirts in sport design Standard
    Switchable sports exhaust system Standard
    Tinted LED taillights with three-dimensional lighting graphics, integrated fourpoint brake lights and light strip Standard
    Towbar preparation Standard
    Twin sports tailpipes in black with sports exhaust Standard
    Deletion of carbon items in the exterior and finish in black high gloss No Cost
    Exterior mirrors painted in high gloss black No Cost
    Front apron middle section painted in black matt No Cost
    Front apron painted in satin black No Cost
    LED main headlights in black with Porsche dynamic light system (PDLS) No Cost
    Porsche logo and model designation on tailgate in matt black No Cost
    Porsche logo painted in matt black and model designation painted in high gloss black No Cost
    Porsche logo painted in matt black including deletion of model designation No Cost
    Rear apron painted in satin black No Cost
    Side blades in matt black with GTS logo in high gloss black No Cost
    Sideblades with GTS logo in python green No Cost
    Sideblades with GTS logo in satin black No Cost
    Solid paint No Cost
    Sport design exterior mirrors painted in exterior colour No Cost
    Sport design exterior mirrors painted in high gloss black No Cost
    Exclusive design fuel filler cap £102
    Door handles painted in high gloss black £185
    Porsche logo painted in matt black and model designation painted in exterior colour £185
    Model designation on sideblades in Neodyme £204
    Model designation on sideblades in red £204
    Model designation on sideblades in silver colour £204
    PORSCHE logo LED door courtesy lights £222
    Aluminium roof rails in high gloss black £269
    Auto dimming interior + exterior mirrors £278
    Heated windscreen £333
    Tinted LED headlights including Porsche dynamic light system plus (PDLS Plus) £353
    Privacy glass £366
    Sideblades in body colour with GTS logo in gloss black £444
    Sideblades in High gloss black £444
    Bespoke Sticker set - Porsche £722
    Metallic paint £741
    Thermally and noise insulated glass £788
    Sideblades in Carbon with GTS logo in high gloss black £917
    Electrically extending towbar system £945
    Thermally and noise insulated glass with privacy glass £1,152
    Special metallic paint £1,185
    Panoramic roof system - Electric tilt/slide glass sunroof £1,283
    Additional special metallic paint £2,250
    Paint to sample colour £7,536

    Paintwork

    Porsche solid - Black No Cost
    Porsche solid - White No Cost
    Porsche metallic - Carrara white £741
    Porsche metallic - Dolomite silver £741
    Porsche metallic - Jet Black £741
    Porsche metallic - Volcano Grey £741
    Porsche special metallic - Carmine red £1,185
    Porsche special metallic - Gentian Blue £1,185
    Porsche special metallic - Papaya £1,185
    Porsche special metallic - Python green £1,185
    Additional special metallic - Crayon £2,250
    Porsche additional special metallic - Copper ruby £2,250
    Paint to sample colour - Custom £7,536

    Entertainment

    2 USB sockets in rear centre console Standard
    Apple CarPlay with Siri voice recognition Standard
    Connect Plus including online navigation, LTE communication module with SIM card reader, wireless internet access, Porsche Car Connect services Standard
    DAB Digital radio Standard
    Porsche Vehicle Traking System Plus (PVTS Plus) Standard
    smartphone compartment with wireless charging Standard
    Two USB C charging and connectivity ports in the front centre console storage compartment Standard
    Sound package plus with 10 speakers, integrated amplifier and digital signal processing and total output 150 watts No Cost
    BOSE sound system £917
    Burmester 3D high end surround sound system £3,695

    Engine/Drivetrain/Suspension

    7-Speed Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) with automatic mode and manual controls (gearshift paddles) on steering wheel Standard
    75 litre fuel tank Standard
    Direct fuel injection (DFI) Standard
    Gasoline particulate filter Standard
    VarioCam Plus variable valve timing and switchable valve lift Standard
    Adaptive air suspension with Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) No Cost
    GTS Specific Porsche Active Suspension Manage, reduced ride height, Electric controll active damp system, 3 manual select modes comfort,sport,sport+ No Cost
    Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV Plus) £1,158

    Ambient comfort lighting pack - Macan

    Standard
    Ambient lighting in door panels
    LED lighting in door storage compartment
    Mirror courtesy lighting
    Position lights in door
    Vanity lights in roof lining

    Non-smoker package

    No Cost
    12V Accessory socket
    Storage compartment

    Brushed aluminium interior pack - Macan

    No Cost
    Aluminium door inserts
    Dashboard inserts in aluminium

    High gloss black interior pack - Macan

    No Cost
    Black high gloss trim
    High gloss black door mirrors

    Dark walnut interior package

    No Cost
    Dark walnut finish dashboard decorative trims
    Dark walnut finish door decorative trims

    Sport chrono package including mode switch - Macan

    No Cost
    Analogue and digital timing system

    Black brushed aluminium interior pack - Macan

    No Cost
    Brushed aluminium finish in dashboard decorative trims
    Brushed aluminium finish in door decorative trims front and rear

    GTS interior package - Python green - Macan

    No Cost
    GTS Python Green interior package with Race tex items

    18 way electric adaptive sports seats with memory package in combination with GTS sport package - Macan

    No Cost
    18 way electric adaptive sport seats
    Electric adjustment bolsters on squabs and backrests
    Personalised electric adjustable seat with storage
    Sport seat design with distinctive seam pattern with elevated side bolsters

    Storage Pack

    £185
    Rear centre armrest with storage compartment
    Storage compartment in rear centre console

    Driver memory pack - Macan

    £251
    Courtesy lights in exterior mirrors
    Driver seat memory function
    Electrically adjustable door mirrors

    Exterior trim package painted in exterior colour with gloss black - Macan GTS

    £593
    Front apron trim painted in high gloss black
    Sideblades painted in high gloss black
    Sport design exterior mirrors painted in high gloss black

    Carbon interior pack - Macan

    £657
    Carbon effect door inserts
    Dashboard inserts in carbon fibre

    Dashboard trim in leather pack - Macan

    £963
    Dashboard end trims left and right and dashboard centre trim in leather
    Interior colour and partially with decorative stitching in leather

    14 way electric front comfort seats with memory package - Macan

    £1,001
    14 way electric front comfort seats
    Air conditioning
    Automatic door locking
    Electric adjustable steering column
    Exterior mirrors with parking aid
    Four way lumbar support for driver and front passenger
    Memory function for driver and front passenger seat
    Memory function for steering column/exterior mirror positions/settings for lights
    Mirror courtesy lighting
    PCM system
    Rear wiper
    Seats in smooth finish leather

    Interior pack painted in exterior colour - Macan

    £1,010
    Exterior colour paint finish dashboard decorative trims
    Exterior colour paint finish door decorative trims

    Anthracite chestnut interior pack - Macan

    £1,065
    Aluminium inlays
    Anthracite chestnut dashboard decorative trims
    Anthracite chestnut door decorative trims

    Interior decorative trim pack - Leather - Macan

    £1,194
    Leather dashboard and door trims

    18 way electric adaptive sports seats with memory package - Macan

    £1,241
    18 way electric adaptive sport seats
    Electric adjustment bolsters on squabs and backrests
    Personalised electric adjustable seat with storage
    Sport seat design with distinctive seam pattern with elevated side bolsters

    GTS interior package - crayon - Macan

    £2,972
    GTS crayon interior package with Race tex items

    GTS interior package - carmine red - Macan

    £2,972
    GTS carmine red interior package with Race tex items

    GTS sport package in python green - Macan

    £7,592
    18 way adaptive sports seats with comfort memory pack including GTS logos on front headrests
    21" GT design wheels in Satin black
    Analogue and digital timing system
    Carbon effect door inserts
    Dashboard inserts in carbon fibre
    Heated GT Sport steering wheel in Race tex
    Illuminated door sill guard in carbon
    Lower valance, rear apron and sport design door sill guards painted in satin black
    Performance tyres
    Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV Plus)
    Race tex roof lining
    Sport design exterior mirrors painted in high gloss black

Technical Specifications

  • Max Speed 169 mph
  • Max Power 434 bhp
  • Height: 1,596 mm Width: 1927 mm Width (inc. mirrors): 2,097 mm Front Scale Front Dimensions
    Wheelbase: 2,807 mm Length: 4,726 mm Side Scale Side Dimensions
  • Engine and Drive Train

    CC
    2,894
    Cylinders
    6
    Cylinder Layout
    V6
    Number of Valves
    24
    Camshaft
    DOHC
    Fuel Delivery
    Multi Point Fuel Injection
    Catalytic Convertor
    Yes
    Transmission
    Semi-Auto
    Gears
    7 Speed
  • Performance

    0-60mph
    4.3 secs
    Top Speed
    169 mph
    Engine Power
    440 BHP/PS
    Engine Power in PS?
    Yes
    Engine Power
    324 kW
    Engine Power At
    5,700 RPM
    Engine Torque
    406 lbs/ft
    Engine Torque
    550 Nm
    Engine Torque At
    1900 RPM
  • Fuel Consumption - ICE

    EC Directive 1999/100/EC Applies
    No
    WLTP FC Low: Min
    18.1 mpg
    WLTP FC Low: Max
    17.5 mpg
    WLTP FC Medium: Min
    25.7 mpg
    WLTP FC Medium: Max
    24.6 mpg
    WLTP FC High: Min
    28.8 mpg
    WLTP FC High: Max
    28 mpg
    WLTP FC Extra High: Min
    25.7 mpg
    WLTP FC Extra High: Max
    24.8 mpg
    WLTP FC Comb: Min
    25 mpg
    WLTP FC Comb: Max
    24.1 mpg
    WLTP FC Low: Min
    15.6 l/100km
    WLTP FC Low: Max
    16.1 l/100km
    WLTP FC Medium: Min
    11 l/100km
    WLTP FC Medium: Max
    11.5 l/100km
    WLTP FC High: Min
    9.8 l/100km
    WLTP FC High: Max
    10.1 l/100km
    WLTP FC Extra High: Min
    11 l/100km
    WLTP FC Extra High: Max
    11.4 l/100km
    WLTP FC Comb: Min
    11.3 l/100km
    WLTP FC Comb: Max
    11.7 l/100km
  • Emissions - ICE

    Standard Euro Emissions
    Euro 6
    NOx
    0.015 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Comb
    255 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Low: Min
    354 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Low: Max
    365 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Medium: Min
    250 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Medium: Max
    261 g/km
    WLTP CO2 High: Min
    222 g/km
    WLTP CO2 High: Max
    229 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Extra High: Min
    250 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Extra High: Max
    259 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Comb: Max
    265 g/km
    WLTP CO2 Comb: Min
    255 g/km
  • Tyres

    Tyre Size Front
    265/40 R21
    Tyre Size Rear
    295/35 R21
    Tyre Size Spare
    Tyre Repair Kit
    Wheel Type
    21" Alloy
    Wheel Style
    RS Spyder
    Alloys?
    Yes
    Space Saver?
    No
  • Weight and Capacities

    Minimum Kerbweight
    1,960 kg
    Fuel Tank Capacity
    75 Litres
    Luggage Capacity (Seats Up)
    488 Litres
    No. of Seats
    5
    Max. Roof Load
    75 kg
    Luggage Capacity (Seats Down)
    1,503 Litres
  • General

    Standard manufacturer's warranty
    3 Years
    Standard manufacturer's warranty
    999,999 Miles
    Special Edition
    No
    Special Order
    No
    Service Interval
    20,000 Miles
    Service Interval Frequency
    24 Months
    Timing Belt Interval
    999,999 Miles
    Badge Power
    440 BHP/PS
    Badge Engine CC
    2.9
    Vehicle Homologation Class
    M1
    Generation Mark
    1
    Alternative Fuel Qualifying
    No
  • Test Cycles

    Emissions Test Cycle
    WLTP
    RDE Certification Level
    RDE 2

Porsche Centre Hull

Porsche Centre Hull is now closed for today. It is next open tomorrow from 8:00am to 6:30pm.

Alder Road
Bridgehead South Business Park
Hessle
Hull
East Yorkshire
HU13 0GW

Running Costs

Calculate approximately how much a year’s worth of fuel would cost according to usage:

Efficiency

EC Urban mpg
EC Extra Urban mpg
EC Combined 24.1 mpg

Filling Up

Tank Size 75 litres
Cost to fill £101.14

Annual Estimate

Total Fuel Use 1,886.35 litres
Total Fuel Cost £2,543.74
Road Fund Licence £2,340.00

Featured Porsche Macan Review: ‘SMALL MAC’

(77/110)

Car and Driving’s Independent New Review of the Porsche Macan Range

By Jonathan Crouch
Added 5th October, 2018 , updated 13th September, 2021

Porsche’s improved Macan continues to redefine what a mid-sized premium sports SUV should be. Jonathan Crouch drives it.

Read the full article

See more reviews in our Porsche Macan independent review section.

1 Manufacturer’s Recommended Retail Price for the base car, includes VAT, delivery from the manufacturer to the dealership, first registration fee and one year's road fund licence, and may be subject to change. See our terms and conditions of use for more information. Please check with your local centre for our best offers and further details.

Emissions and efficiency data taken from official test results, where available, when new. Data shown is intended to provide a standard figure for comparing the relative fuel economy of different vehicles of a similar age and condition, and does not represent the average fuel consumption that will be achieved on the road. Actual figures will depend on factors including the age of the vehicle, how it has been maintained, road and weather conditions and driving style.